John Dewey -- Biography -- Dewey's Theories -- The Teacher's Role: Plan Purposeful Curriculum; Make Sense of the World for Children -- Education versus Mis-Education: "It's Fun" Is Not Enough; Invest in Organization and Documentation -- Discussion Questions -- Suggestions for Further Reading -- Maria Montessori -- Biography -- Montessori's Theories -- Child-Centered Environments; Provide Real Tools That Work; Keep Materials and Equipment Accessible to the Children; Create Beauty and Order -- Competence and Responsibility: Allow Children to Take Responsibility; Schedule Large Blocks of Open-Ended Time -- Observation; Observe the Children -- Discussion Questions -- Suggestions for Further Reading -- Erik Erikson -- Biography -- Erikson's Theories -- Trust versus Mistrust: Hold Babies During Feeding; Respond to Distress; Support Attachment through Primary Caregiving -- Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt: Give Children Simple Choices; Eliminate False Choices; Set Clear Limits; Accept Alternating Needs for Independence and Dependence
Initiative versus Guilt: Encourage Independence; Focus on Gains, Not on Mistakes; Consider Individua -- Differences; Focus Curriculum on Real Things -- Discussion Questions -- Suggestions for Further Reading -- Jean Piaget -- Biography -- Piaget's Theories -- The Sensorimotor Stage: Keep Babies Safe but Interested; Respond Reassuringly to Separation Anxiety -- Preoperational Stage: Provide Large Blocks of Free Play Time; Provide Real-World Experiences; Plan Open-Ended Activities, Ask Open-Ended Questions -- Concrete Operations and Formal Operations -- Discussion Questions -- Suggestions for Further Reading -- Lev Vygotsky -- Biography -- Vygotsky's Theories -- The Zone of Proximal Development: Observe Chilren Closely and Plan Curriculum Accordingly; Plan Challenging Curriculum to Stretch Children's Competence -- Language Development and Learning: Encourage Conversations -- Social Interaction: Provide Opportunities for Children to Work Together -- Discussion Questions -- Suggestions for Further Reading
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